CST 311 - Module 3

 Week 3

This week's material was very more focused on the transport layer. One topic was multiplexing and demultiplexing. To sum the topic up, this is how data is handled from multiple sockets using a transport header. The multiplexing occurs at the sender, using the transport header containing the source and destination port number, then demultiplexing occurs at the receiver, which allows the receiver to deliver the received segments to the correct socket. There are also two variants of these, connectionless demux and connection-oriented demux. 

More on the topic of connection and connectionless transport, connectionless refers to the UDP protocol and is considered bare bones, there is no handshaking and each UDP segment is handled independently. What makes it bare bones is the fact that there is no effort in flow control, delivering data in order, reliable data transfer. However, it can be implemented at the application layer. On the other hand, with connection transport (using TCP), you are given reliable data transfer, flow control, and uses handshaking.

Additionally, a good portion of the material was based on congestion control, which is handled in TCP. With too many sources sending too much data for a network to handle, TCP can use different approaches to find the sweet spot for sending data. One of these approaches is the slow start method. When a connection begins, the data transfer rate starts off low, then exponentially increases until it reaches a threshold where a packet loss occurred, then increases linearly until, a packet is lost. Then halve the rate of transfer and repeat again. This way, we don't overload the network but maintain speed.

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